Episode 53 General Surgery End of Rotation Exam †The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast

Welcome to episode 53of the FREE Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant Board Review Podcast. Join me as Icover ten PANCE and PANRE Board review questions from the Academy course content following the NCCPA content blueprint (download the FREE cheat sheet) and the PAEA End of Rotation ExamsBlueprints Topic Lists. This week we willbe covering tenGeneral Surgery End of Rotation Exam Questionsthat are now part of the SMARTYPANCE website. Below you will find an interactive exam to complement the podcast. I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full boardreview includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions andis available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academyand SMARTYPANCEwhich are now bundled together into one very low price. You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here,oniTunes, on Google Play Music or StitcherRadio. You can listen to the latest episode, take an interactive quizand download your results below. Listen Carefully Then Take The Quiz If you can't see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode. Episode 51: General Surgery Endo of Rotation Exam Podcast Quiz The following 10 questions are linked to NCCPA Content Blueprint lessons from the SMARTYPANCE and PANRE Board review website. If you are a member you will be able to log in and view this interactive video content. 1. An 18-year-old patient has a tibia/fibula fracture following a motorcycle crash. Twelve hours later the patient presents with increased pain despite adequate doses of analgesics and immobilization. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. avascular necrosis B. myositis ossificans C. compartment syndrome D. reflex sympathetic dystrophy Click here to see the answer Answer: C. Compartment syndrome Compartment syndrome is characterized by a pathological increase of pressure within a closed space and results from edema or bleeding within the compartment. It may occur as an early local complication of fracture. A. Avascular necrosis occurs primarily in muscles post-traumatically and may not arise for several months after an injury. B. Myositis ossificans is a late complication of fracture resulting from disruption of the blood supply to the bone. D. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is characterized by painful wasting of the hand muscles that may be secondary to injury and could occur as a late complication. 2. A25-year-old male presents to the ED with left calf pain and cramping, as well as nausea and vomiting. He admits to "partying with cocaine all night". He describes his urine as a dark brown color. Serum creatinine kinase (CK) is 1325 IU/L (Normal Range 32-267 IU/L). Which of the following is the initial mainstay of therapy for this condition? A. IV rehydration B. Fasciotomy C. Toradol (Ketorolac) D. Hydrotherapy Click here to see the answer Answer: A. IV rehydration IV rehydration with crystalloids for 24 to 72 hours is the mainstay of therapy for rhabdomyolysis. B. Fasciotomy is indicated for compartment syndrome. C. NSAIDs, such as Toradol (Ketorolac), should not be used due to the vasoconstrictive effects on the kidneys. D. Hydrotherapy is not useful or indicated for Rhabdomyolysis 3. A 42-year-old male presents complaining of a sudden onset of a severe intermittent pain originating in the flank and radiating into the right testicle. He also complains of nausea and vomiting. On examination, the patient is afebrile but restless. Examination of the abdomen reveals tenderness to palpation along the right flank with no rebound or direct testicular tenderness. Urinalysis reveals a pH of 5.4 and microscopic hematuria but is otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Bladder cancer B. Nephrolithiasis C. Acute appendicitis D. Acute epididymitis Click here to see the answer Answer: B. Nephrolithiasis A sudden onset of severe colicky flank pain associated with nausea and vomiting as well as the absence of rebound or direct testicular tenderness makes nephrolithiasis the most likely diagnosis. This is further supported by the presence of hematuria on the urinalysis. A. While bladder cancer may have associated microscopic hematuria, it presents with painless hematuria or irritative voiding symptoms. C. While an acute abdomen, such as acute appendicitis, is in the differential diagnosis, the absence of fever and peritoneal signs makes this diagnosis less likely D. The absence of fever, as well as non-tenderness to palpation of the testes, suggests a renal rather than gonadal cause of the patients symptoms 4. What is the term for blue discoloration about the umbilicus? A. Cullen's sign B. Murphy's sign C. Rovsing's sign D. Turner sign Click here to see the answer Answer:A. Cullens sign Cullens sign is a blue discoloration about the umbilicus and can occur in hemorrhagic pancreatitis and results from hemoperitoneum. B. Murphys sign is seen in liver and gallbladder disease by which the patient abruptly halts deep inspiration due to pain in the right upper quadrant while the examiners hand is keeping stable pressure to the area. C. Rovsings sign is positive when the patient experiences right-sided abdominal pain with palpation to the left side. This is generally seen in those with appendicitis. D. Turner sign is also seen in severe, acute pancreatitis but is represented by a green-brown discoloration of bilateral flanks 5. A 25-year-old female presents with right lower quadrant pain, right flank pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her temperature is 39.6 degrees C. There is right CVA tenderness and RLQ tenderness. The pelvic exam is unremarkable. Urinalysis reveals pH 7.0, trace protein, negative glucose, negative ketones, positive blood, and positive nitrates. Specific gravity is 1.022. Microscopy shows 102 RBCs/HPF, 50-75 WBCs/HPF, rare epithelial cells, and WBC casts. The most likely diagnosis is A. acute salpingitis B. nephrolithiasis C. acute pyelonephritis D. appendicitis Click here to see the answer Answer: C. acute pyelonephritis Acute pyelonephritis presents with flank pain, fever, and generalized muscle tenderness. Urinalysis shows pyuria with leukocyte casts. A. Acute salpingitis would be suggested if pelvic exam abnormalities were present. B. Nephrolithiasis does not usually present with fever or casts. Urinalysis will have RBCs present. D. This scenario is consistent with acute pyelonephritis, not acute appendicitis. 6. A 26-year-old gravida 0 sexually active female presents to the emergency room complaining of colicky pain in her lower abdomen for the past 12 hours. She passed out earlier in the day while trying to have a bowel movement. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. She has noted vaginal spotting over the last 24 hours. Vital signs show Temp 37 degrees C, BP 96/60mmHg, P 110, R 16, Oxygen Sat. 98%. Abdominal exam is positive for distension and tenderness. Bowel sounds are decreased. Pelvic exam shows cervical motion and adnexal tenderness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Appendicitis C. Crohn's disease D. Pelvic inflammatory disease Click here to see the answer Answer: A. Ectopic pregnancy High suspicion for ectopic pregnancy should be maintained when any possible pregnant woman presents with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. B. Appendicitis presents with nausea, vomiting and periumbilical pain that moves to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. C. Crohns disease is more common in women and may present with an acute abdomen. However, the pelvic examination would be normal. D. In pelvic inflammatory disease, the temperature is usually above 38 degrees C and pelvic pain usually follows onset of cessation of menses 7. A 12-year-old boy presents to the office with pain in his legs with activity gradually becoming worse over the past month. He is unable to ride a bicycle with his friends due to the pain in his legs. Examination of the heart reveals an ejection click and accentuation of the second heart sound. Femoral pulses are weak and delayed compared to the brachial pulses. Blood pressure obtained in both arms is elevated. Chest x-ray reveals rib notching. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. abdominal aortic aneurysm B. pheochromocytoma C. coarctation of the aorta D. thoracic outlet syndrome Click here to see the answer Answer: C. coarctation of the aorta Coarctation is a discrete or long segment of narrowing adjacent to the left subclavian artery. As a result of the coarctation, systemic collaterals develop. X-ray findings occur from the dilated and pulsatile intercostal arteries and the 3 is due to the coarctation site with proximal and distal dilations. A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is usually asymptomatic until the patient has dissection or rupture. It is uncommon in a child. B. Pheochromocytoma classically causes paroxysms of hypertension due to catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla but does not cause variations in blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities. D. Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein becomes compressed in the region of the thoracic outlet. It is the most common cause of acute arterial occlusion in the upper extremity of adults under 40 years old 8. A 28-year-old male presents with burns sustained from hot grease splashed on his left hand earlier this afternoon. The burn extends from his palm to the volar aspect of his wrist and has an erythematous base, covered by an intact blister. There are a few small scattered blisters over the dorsum of the left hand. Which of the following is the initial intervention of choice? A. Tetanus prophylaxis B. Admission to a burn unit C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Debridement of blisters Click here to see the answer Answer: A. Tetanus prophylaxis Tetanus prophylaxis should be initially considered in all burn patients. B. Admission to a burn unit is not indicated for adult patients with uncomplicated partial thickness burns covering less than 15 to 20% of total body surface area (TBSA). C. IV fluids are indicated for severe partial thickness burns covering more than 10% TBSA or in burns with complications. D. Debridement of blisters is controversial, however blisters on the palms and soles should remain intact. 9. Which of the following is the selected method for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in a 38-year-old male undergoing an inguinal hernia repair? A. early ambulation B. elastic stockings C. intermittent pneumatic compression D. low-molecular weight heparin Click here to see the answer Answer: A. early ambulation Early ambulation is recommended for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in low-risk, minor procedures when the patient is under 40 years of age and there are no clinical risk factors. B. Elastic stockings are indicated for patients at moderate risk of venous thromboembolism in ages 40-60 with minor procedures with additional thrombosis risk factor, or major operations for patients under age 40 without additional clinical risk factors. C. Intermittent pneumatic compression is indicated in patients undergoing a major operation plus an increased risk of bleeding. D. Low molecular weight heparin is indicated in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, or trauma with an identifiable risk factor for thromboembolism. 10. A patient presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant, examination reveals increased pain in the right lower quadrant on deep palpation of the left lower quadrant. This is commonly known as which of the following? A. Psoas sign B. Murphy's sign C. Rovsing's sign D. Obturator sign Click here to see the answer Answer: C. Rovsings sign A positive Rovsings sign can be elicited in a patient with appendicitis when increased pain occurs in the right lower quadrant upon palpation of the left lower quadrant. A. Psoas sign is right lower quadrant pain with right leg extension seen in acute appendicitis B. Murphys sign is seen in liver and gallbladder disease in which the patient abruptly halts deep inspiration due to discomfort as the examiners hand applies pressure to the right upper quadrant. D. Obturator sign is right lower quadrant pain with internal rotation of the hip seen in acute appendicitis Appendicitis:RLQ pain, +ObturatorandPsoas sign Looking for all the podcast episodes? This FREE series is limited to every other episode, you can download and enjoy the complete audio series by joiningThe PANCE and PANRE Exam Academy+ SMARTYPANCE I will bereleasing new episodes every few weeks. The Academy isdiscounted, so sign up now. 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Join me as I cover ten PANCE and PANRE Board review questions from the SMARTYPANCE course content following the NCCPA content blueprint (download the FREE []Episode 63: The Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast Ten MixedNCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint Multiple Choice Questions Welcome to episode 63of the FREE Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant Board Review Podcast. Join me as Icover ten PANCE and PANRE Board review questions from []Podcast Episode 77: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review PodcastWelcome to episode 77 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast. Join me as I cover ten PANCE and PANRE Board review questions from the SMARTYPANCE course content following the NCCPA content blueprint (download the FREE []

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Insider Trading Is Unequal And Goes Against The Reassurance

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Romanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter

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In The Short Essay, “Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good

In the short essay, â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† by Kaya Webley, she illustrates through validations that student debt is a problem, but Applebaum’s proposal brings about political and economic problems. One of her validations is that most people can afford their student loans. She also states that only a small handful of graduates leave school with an unbearable student debt. Webley touches upon programs that are already in place to help pay off college debt. Another one of her validations is that the bank does not care if the student can not pay the student loan, the banks will get the money one way or another. In addition, because of the banks colleges have no motivation to lower tuition. Lastly, she writes about†¦show more content†¦Because of this essay I feel more enlightened about college debt. In addition, I want to sign as many positions I can to lower and forgive college debt. Most of Webley’s validations encourage me to f ind a solution to college debt. 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Applebaum’s proposal is to â€Å"provide a one-time bailout of student debt†¦as a way to stimulate the still-limping economy.† However, Webley counters the solution has to have â€Å"the purported benefited and fairness of a one-time student loan bailout.† In Webley’s essay, in the sixth paragraphRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?1227 Words   |  5 PagesKayla Webley, in her essay â€Å"Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?† states Robert Applebaum’s solution for student loan debt is a â€Å"radical and wildly unfeasible solution both economically and politically. 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The numberRead MoreLesson Plan10685 Words   |  43 PagesReport on Student Teaching In- Campus Practicum Off- Campus Practicum Presented to the BSED Intern Supervisor Of Holy Child College of Davao Mrs. Miriam Capilitan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement Professional Education 10 (Practice Teaching) Presented by: Ms. Rogelyn P. Goboy BSED- IV March 02, 2013 Second Semester SY: 2012- 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dedication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Philosophy of Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 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Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education Free Essays

Harmonizing to Schwartz ( 2008 ) , ‘Teaching is a dynamic dealing between head, stuffs, results and ends. Teachers teach ; scholars learn – all within the context of a complex cognitive and socio-cultural environment that is germinating faster than at any other clip in the history of instruction ‘ . Schwartz ( 2008 ) states that one of the grounds for this is the impact of technological progresss on the instruction system. We will write a custom essay sample on Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pupils of today live in a extremely technological universe. They are surrounded by appliances and bombarded by information. They use engineering for diversion, communicating and information. We as pedagogues have a responsibility to encompass engineering and utilize it to profit all stakeholders involved. But how can we guarantee that engineering is non used merely because we think it should but as something that enriches the experience of the scholar. How do we equilibrate the usage of engineering and the demands of the scholar? As Pedagogy Strategy ( 2005 ) states ‘Making engineerings available does non of itself consequence in changed instruction methods or in the degree of larning results. Effective usage of ICT in instruction requires appropriate teaching methods. ‘ We have to guarantee that the usage of engineering has significance and intent. There is a overplus of research on the construct of blended acquisition. Blended acquisition, harmonizing to Rodgers ( 2009 ) , is ‘executing a acquisition scheme that integrates multiple bringing modes ( both synchronal and asynchronous ) and, in making so, making the best possible larning solution for your mark audience ‘ . Blended larning requires the scholar to be at the Centre of the procedure and guaranting that it is the right environment for the right scholar. In concern blended acquisition can be seen as the right combination at the lowest costs, this applied to education would be the right combination at the greatest acquisition result. Dzakiria et.al ( 2006 ) citing Driscoll ‘s work, sees blended acquisition as uniting web-based engineering to bring forth an ‘optimal acquisition result ‘ . In concern you have to cognize your market, in instruction it is important that you know your scholar and a one size fits all doctrine does non work. Dzakir ia et.al. ( 2006 ) argues that we need to see the pupils as the primary educational client, their positions and experiences, and the learning support mechanism for effectual acquisition results. It is indispensable that students own their acquisition, that they lead their acquisition and they are at the Centre of the procedure. Technological progresss has resulted in the usage of blended acquisition schemes in concern, universities and schools. The potency of the usage of blended acquisition for e-assessment is mindblowing. JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that ‘assessment is one of the most important countries of an educational system. It defines what pupils take to be of import, how they spend much of their academic clip and in many ways how they value themselves. ‘ Assessment is important to the scholar every bit long as it has a clear and defined intent. The usage of e-assessment can utilize the cardinal doctrine of blended acquisition and give the learner control over their acquisition and help their acquisition. E-assessment has advantages, JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that it allows instant feedback, allows clip for alteration, staff acquire immediate feedback and this can be linked to other on-line stuffs. Although there are concerns over the usage of E-assessment. E-assessment itself may sa lvage clip but the clip it takes to ab initio put up such an appraisal can non be underestimated. ***** can widen The development of personal acquisition environments ( PLEs ) has opened up the potency of the larning non merely being the Centre of the learning procedure but taking the larning themselves. The possible, particularly for school aged students could be great. Imagine an PLE which gives a record of a child online from the minute they walk into instruction to the clip they leave at 16 or 18. What if that record continues to university? What if that continues invariably as we embark on ‘lifelong larning ‘ ? This will in bend have a enormous consequence on instruction and acquisition. Becta ( 2007 ) suggests that PLE ‘s ‘offers a portal to the universe, through which scholars can research and make harmonizing to their ain involvements and waies, interacting at all times with their friends and community. ‘ Harmelen ( 2006 ) suggests that the development of PLE ‘s is motivated by the demands of the womb-to-tomb scholar and for a system that provides a st andard interface, a response from the fact that the scholar ‘s e-system demands to be under the control of the scholar and the demands of the scholar themselves. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) negotiations of utilizing the MashUp rule which ‘will let scholars to construct their ain acquisition environment ‘ . The potency of PLEs in instruction is radical. Downs ( 2009 ) , states that ‘future larning environment which becomes non an institutional or corporate application, but besides a acquisition centre, where content is reused and remixed harmonizing to the pupil ‘s ain demands and involvements. It becomes, so, non a individual application, but a aggregation of interoperating applications – an environment instead than a system ‘ . Research is being undertaken to look at how PLE ‘s will turn to a scholars larning and the consequence and deductions on instruction. But Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that traditional Learning Management S ystems ( LMS ) are non flexible plenty to supply an effectual PLE system. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that, ‘even current research can non indicate out what a extremely personalised larning environment should look like in item ‘ . Using a PLE to turn to womb-to-tomb acquisition would necessitate looking at the large image non one specific component of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past developments have been centred on specific phases in instruction but now we need to guarantee the scholar ‘s demands are addressed throughout their acquisition journey. Atwell ( 2007 ) provinces, ‘if non continuous, larning is now seen as multi episodic, with persons passing occasional periods of formal instruction and developing throughout their on the job life. ‘ PLE ‘s will hold to turn to both the thoughts of uninterrupted acquisition and the periods of informal acquisition that a scholar brushs. Formal larning itself, harmonizing to Atwell ( 20 07 ) histories for merely 20 per cent of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past educational engineering has paid little or no attending to informal larning a PLE could turn to this issue. PLE ‘s could be used for anyone who wants to organize their ain acquisition. Taraghi et.al. ( 2010 ) specify seven important facets for the displacement from LMS to PLE: The function of the scholar Personalisation Content Social engagement Ownership Educational and organizational civilization Technological facets PLE ‘s could convey together the huge sum of different engineering that a scholar uses under one umbrella. Making it distinguishable and personalised to that scholar, involve the engineerings they like to utilize and turn to their specific acquisition manners. The scholar could make up one’s mind their penchants to how they study, present information etc. The scholar can make up one’s mind on their ain content and analyze the countries they decide to assist with their acquisition. The scholar could in kernel develop a acquisition environment that addresses their specific demands at their current phase in instruction. Milligan quoted in BECTA ( 2007 ) believes PLE ‘s ‘would give the scholar greater control over their learning experience ( pull offing their resources, the work they have produced, the activities they participate in ) and would represent their ain personal acquisition environment, which they could utilize to interact with institutional sys tems to entree content, appraisal, libraries and the similar ‘ . Atwell ( 2007 ) states that PLE ‘s ‘are non an application but instead a new attack to the usage of new engineerings for larning. There remain many issues to be resolved. But, at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the statement for the usage of Personal Learning environments in non proficient but instead is philosophical, ethic and pedagogic. ‘ This wealth of grounds of larning would ensue in a e-portfolio which could potentially chart a scholar from the minute they enter the instruction system. There could potential be a wealth of touchable grounds which could be used as grounds for makings or as an illustration of what a possible employee may be capable of. Cohn and Hibbitts ( 2004 ) suggest that an e-portfolio ‘stimulates our pupils to prosecute in brooding thought ‘ . What is apparent is the thought that we have to be careful that e-portfolios are closely linked to the thoughts of PLE ‘s. If we are doing personal acquisition environments which are alone to the scholar, we do non desire to so make an e-portfolio which is one size fits all, it besides has to be personalised to the scholar, integrate the scholars larning manners and penchants. Learning and appraisal are intertwined, therefore if we talk about bring forthing a PLE so the thought of an e-portfolio must organize a important component of such an environment. Gulbahar and Tinmaz ( 2006 ) suggests that the thought of an e-portfolio support pupils focused on the acquisition procedure instead than the terminal merchandise. They suggest that ‘By the usage of e-portfolios, pupils have the opportunity to reflect upon their acquisition and instructors have the chance to supply elaborate feedback on pupils ‘ work. ‘ Research undertaken by Gulbarhar and Tinemaz ( 2006 ) suggested that utilizing an e-portfolio was favoured by all the pupils in their survey. They concluded that I gave the pupils a ‘great opportunity for self betterment ‘ and it besides ‘demonstrated a acquisition centres theoretical account for instructor campaigners. ‘ The pupils besides gained more cognition and associated it with existent life context. How to cite Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education, Essay examples

Why We Should Keep Reaching for the Stars free essay sample

Why We Should Keep Reaching for the Stars There has been so much talk on the funding for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and if we should keep our interest in outer space or if we should use the funding elsewhere. This is an issue that we are facing today. Current federal expenditures for research and development are $15. 7 billion. Will the government decide to stop funding the project? Or will we keep reaching for the stars? Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson has wrote a book called â€Å"Space Chronicles: Facing The Ultimate Frontier† and has an article in the current edition of Foreign Affairs, â€Å"The Case For Space: Why We Should Keep Reaching for the Stars. † Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson discussion on space policy involved, the NASA budget, investment in our future, the space race, and many more issues. He continued on about how the budget should be increased and how the economic growth that comes with innovation and inspiration, and unplanned and fortunate discoveries. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Should Keep Reaching for the Stars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page U. S. President Barack Obama had his vision for the future of American space exploration, which included a mission to Mars. Of course now the United States commits to the goal of reaching Mars. Even though the mission to Mars will be beyond President Obamas term in office the promise is inherited by another president. This would not happen till 2030s since we have advance launch vehicles that can bypass the moon. How much would it cost to travel to Mars? Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson states, â€Å"surely cost hundreds of billions of dollars — maybe even $ 1 trillion. † To approach $ 1 trillion we would have to look at a multi-decade program of manned Mars missions. There is nothing in the U. S. Constitution that authorizes the federal government to run a space program. Except to the extent that it directly relates to national security, the federal government should not be involved in space exploration, travel or RD. Between rounds of NASAs latest free game downloaded from the iTunes Store. Therefore this topic has nothing to do with what â€Å"fraction of one of my tax dollars is the total cost of all U. S. space borne telescopes and planetary probes, the rovers on Mars, the International Space Station, the recently terminated space shuttle, telescopes yet to orbit, and missions yet to fly. † If these unconstitutional government programs cost such a tiny percentage of our total taxes, then they cost an even tinier percentage of our total income, and an even tinier percentage of our total wealth. If they are so relatively inexpensive, then clearly, this is an argument to let the people who are most interested in such programs and who will benefit most from them pay for them from their own pockets. Are there greater issues that we contribute to instead of funding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the other programs that help all of this work together? Or will we continue to increase and decrease the unemployment rate but opening and closing research areas that create job?